What is Sebborrheic dermatitis?


Sebborrheic dermatitis tends to flare in cold, dry weather. It generally begins on the scalp as oily, waxy patches, it may spread to the face and beyond that. It also produces widespread lesions. It is also known as cradle cap, dandruff, seborrhea.


What are Signs And Symptoms for it ?


Oily, waxy appearance to the skin.
Flaking skin with scale that ranges in color from white to yellowish brown.
Reddish, somewhat swollen patches of skin — often resembling atopic dermatitis (another type of eczema) or psoriasis.
Patches can appear on these areas of the body: scalp, hairline, upper lip, beneath the eyebrows, inside and behind the ears, eyelids, creases near the mouth, around the nose, armpits, groin, navel, buttocks, underneath the breasts, and upper back. These areas contain oil producing glands called sebaceous glands.
Skin may itch constantly. Itching and burning are most common when a skin infection develops. When the skin is infected, skin becomes extremely inflamed and itchy.
If severe, widespread patches


Who Gets It?


People who have the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Parkinson’s disease, or congestive heart failure often develop seborrheic dermatitis. Tends to begin during infancy (newborn to 6 months), puberty, or between 40 and 70 years of age. After 6 months of age, the condition rarely appears before puberty. When seborrheic dermatitis begins during infancy, it usually clears by 9 to 12 months of age.


What are Causes ?


Factors include the genes we inherit, yeast that normally live on human skin, stress, climate, and overall general health are responsible generally. Though there is not any exact cause found yet.


What are Risk Factors ?


The following tend to increase the likelihood of developing seborrheic dermatitis:

A family history of eczema Having oily skin or hair Stress Fatigue Cold, dry climate Injury to the skin, such as an abrasion or scratch Using lotions or other topicals that contain alcohol Having acne, rosacea, psoriasis, or blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid) Some medical conditions increases the risk significantly. Estimates indicate that as many as 90% of HIV-infected individuals develop seborrheic dermatitis. Taking certain medications, including interferon- α, lithium, and psoralen, significantly increases one’s risk.


How Is It Diagnosed?


Visual examination of the skin and complete medical history.

These are usually all that is needed to diagnose seborrheic dermatitis. It is best to see a dermatologist because seborrheic dermatitis can resemble many other skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and rosacea. In infants, seborrheic dermatitis may develop only in the diaper area and be mistaken for diaper rash. Effective treatment requires an accurate diagnosis. Skin biopsy or other laboratory testing. This may be necessary to eliminate the possibility of another medical condition.


Treatment


While seborrheic dermatitis cannot be cured, most cases respond quickly to proper treatment. The goals of treatment are to loosen and remove scales and crusts, prevent skin infections, as well as reduce the inflammation and itch.

Treatment varies by age and area of the body to be treated:

Infants (scalp). Cradle cap, which only develops in infants, can usually be controlled by shampooing more frequently with a baby shampoo and by softly brushing away the scales. A dermatologist also may prescribe a mild corticosteroid or anti-fungal medication.

Infants (beyond the scalp). When the condition spreads beyond the scalp in infants, dermatologists usually prescribe a topical medication, such as a mild corticosteroid or anti-fungal cream. Patients with seborrheic dermatitis may find that shampooing more frequently than usual and leaving the lather on the scalp for a longer time clears the condition. Shampoos specially formulated for dandruff relief are often effective. Sometimes getting results requires alternating dandruff shampoos so that a different shampoo is used every few days. A dermatologist can explain this process and recommend which shampoos a patient should use and when. To effectively treat the scalp, a dermatologist also may prescribe a topical corticosteroid or antifungal medication.

Adolescents and adults (beyond the scalp). Medicated dandruff shampoos often provide relief beyond the scalp. A dermatologist can explain how to use shampoo to treat other affected areas. A topical corticosteroid or antifungal medication also may be prescribed. A severe case may require the addition of an oral antifungal medication or phototherapy.